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c16:0 l-carnitine-d9  (Avanti Polar)
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palmitoyl l carnitine  (Croda International Plc)
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Larvae were exposed to 0, 0.036, or 3.6 µM PFOA and the resulting adult female and male flies were analyzed 5 days after eclosion using targeted LC-MS analysis to measure the relative abundance <t>of</t> <t>(A-B)</t> <t>palmitoyl-L-carnitine</t> (CAR 16:0) and (C-D) oleoyl-L-carnitine (CAR 18:1). For all analyses, n = 6 biological replicates per condition, 20 flies per replicate. Statistical significance for targeted analyses was determined using a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test for the female CAR 18:1 analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Dunn’s multiple comparisons test for the male CAR 18:1, and male and female CAR 16:0. Significance values relative to the unexposed controls. * p < 0.05.
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l carnitine medchemexpress hy b0399  (MedChemExpress)
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Larvae were exposed to 0, 0.036, or 3.6 µM PFOA and the resulting adult female and male flies were analyzed 5 days after eclosion using targeted LC-MS analysis to measure the relative abundance <t>of</t> <t>(A-B)</t> <t>palmitoyl-L-carnitine</t> (CAR 16:0) and (C-D) oleoyl-L-carnitine (CAR 18:1). For all analyses, n = 6 biological replicates per condition, 20 flies per replicate. Statistical significance for targeted analyses was determined using a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test for the female CAR 18:1 analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Dunn’s multiple comparisons test for the male CAR 18:1, and male and female CAR 16:0. Significance values relative to the unexposed controls. * p < 0.05.
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l carnitine  (Fisher Scientific)
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Larvae were exposed to 0, 0.036, or 3.6 µM PFOA and the resulting adult female and male flies were analyzed 5 days after eclosion using targeted LC-MS analysis to measure the relative abundance <t>of</t> <t>(A-B)</t> <t>palmitoyl-L-carnitine</t> (CAR 16:0) and (C-D) oleoyl-L-carnitine (CAR 18:1). For all analyses, n = 6 biological replicates per condition, 20 flies per replicate. Statistical significance for targeted analyses was determined using a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test for the female CAR 18:1 analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Dunn’s multiple comparisons test for the male CAR 18:1, and male and female CAR 16:0. Significance values relative to the unexposed controls. * p < 0.05.
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d4 l carnitine avanti polar lipids inc  (Croda International Plc)
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Croda International Plc d4 l carnitine avanti polar lipids inc
Larvae were exposed to 0, 0.036, or 3.6 µM PFOA and the resulting adult female and male flies were analyzed 5 days after eclosion using targeted LC-MS analysis to measure the relative abundance <t>of</t> <t>(A-B)</t> <t>palmitoyl-L-carnitine</t> (CAR 16:0) and (C-D) oleoyl-L-carnitine (CAR 18:1). For all analyses, n = 6 biological replicates per condition, 20 flies per replicate. Statistical significance for targeted analyses was determined using a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test for the female CAR 18:1 analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Dunn’s multiple comparisons test for the male CAR 18:1, and male and female CAR 16:0. Significance values relative to the unexposed controls. * p < 0.05.
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l carnitine lc  (Shanghai Macklin Biochemical)
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Larvae were exposed to 0, 0.036, or 3.6 µM PFOA and the resulting adult female and male flies were analyzed 5 days after eclosion using targeted LC-MS analysis to measure the relative abundance <t>of</t> <t>(A-B)</t> <t>palmitoyl-L-carnitine</t> (CAR 16:0) and (C-D) oleoyl-L-carnitine (CAR 18:1). For all analyses, n = 6 biological replicates per condition, 20 flies per replicate. Statistical significance for targeted analyses was determined using a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test for the female CAR 18:1 analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Dunn’s multiple comparisons test for the male CAR 18:1, and male and female CAR 16:0. Significance values relative to the unexposed controls. * p < 0.05.
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c2 carnitine  (Larodan)
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A: Lemonite IBD network containing 86 gene modules and the most important metabolite and TF regulators (see methods). Gene modules are colored by GO enrichment (see methods). Regulators are colored based on the number of modules they regulate. B-G: Experimental validation of a prioritized set of predicted metabolite-gene regulatory interactions. B: Relative gene expression of ME1 24 h after treatment with <t>C2_carnitine.</t> C: Relative gene expression of BHLHE40 24 hours after treatment with C2_carnitine. D: Relative gene expression of APOBEC3B 24 hours after stimulation with C2_carnitine. E: Relative gene expression of SCD 24h after treatment with C2_carnitine. F: Relative gene expression of PER3 24 hours after stimulation with Trigonelline. G: Relative gene expression of NAAA 24h after treatment with α-glycerophosphocholine. Statistical significance was assessed using T-test compared to baseline (concentration 0) and p-values corrected using Benjamini & Hochberg procedure (p-adj < 0.1).
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l carnitine  (Beiersdorf Inc)
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Beiersdorf Inc l carnitine
A: Lemonite IBD network containing 86 gene modules and the most important metabolite and TF regulators (see methods). Gene modules are colored by GO enrichment (see methods). Regulators are colored based on the number of modules they regulate. B-G: Experimental validation of a prioritized set of predicted metabolite-gene regulatory interactions. B: Relative gene expression of ME1 24 h after treatment with <t>C2_carnitine.</t> C: Relative gene expression of BHLHE40 24 hours after treatment with C2_carnitine. D: Relative gene expression of APOBEC3B 24 hours after stimulation with C2_carnitine. E: Relative gene expression of SCD 24h after treatment with C2_carnitine. F: Relative gene expression of PER3 24 hours after stimulation with Trigonelline. G: Relative gene expression of NAAA 24h after treatment with α-glycerophosphocholine. Statistical significance was assessed using T-test compared to baseline (concentration 0) and p-values corrected using Benjamini & Hochberg procedure (p-adj < 0.1).
L Carnitine, supplied by Beiersdorf Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/l+carnitine/based+carnitine+l/pm41879202-102-10-6
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Larvae were exposed to 0, 0.036, or 3.6 µM PFOA and the resulting adult female and male flies were analyzed 5 days after eclosion using targeted LC-MS analysis to measure the relative abundance of (A-B) palmitoyl-L-carnitine (CAR 16:0) and (C-D) oleoyl-L-carnitine (CAR 18:1). For all analyses, n = 6 biological replicates per condition, 20 flies per replicate. Statistical significance for targeted analyses was determined using a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test for the female CAR 18:1 analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Dunn’s multiple comparisons test for the male CAR 18:1, and male and female CAR 16:0. Significance values relative to the unexposed controls. * p < 0.05.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid accelerates Drosophila melanogaster juvenile development and disrupts mitochondrial metabolism

doi: 10.64898/2026.06.14.730922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Larvae were exposed to 0, 0.036, or 3.6 µM PFOA and the resulting adult female and male flies were analyzed 5 days after eclosion using targeted LC-MS analysis to measure the relative abundance of (A-B) palmitoyl-L-carnitine (CAR 16:0) and (C-D) oleoyl-L-carnitine (CAR 18:1). For all analyses, n = 6 biological replicates per condition, 20 flies per replicate. Statistical significance for targeted analyses was determined using a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test for the female CAR 18:1 analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Dunn’s multiple comparisons test for the male CAR 18:1, and male and female CAR 16:0. Significance values relative to the unexposed controls. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Targeted measurements were performed for two acyl-carnitines for which authentic standards were available: palmitoyl-L-carnitine (C16:0; Avanti Polar Lipids, 870323P) and oleoyl-L-carnitine (C18:1; Avanti Polar Lipids, 870321P).

Techniques: Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy

A: Lemonite IBD network containing 86 gene modules and the most important metabolite and TF regulators (see methods). Gene modules are colored by GO enrichment (see methods). Regulators are colored based on the number of modules they regulate. B-G: Experimental validation of a prioritized set of predicted metabolite-gene regulatory interactions. B: Relative gene expression of ME1 24 h after treatment with C2_carnitine. C: Relative gene expression of BHLHE40 24 hours after treatment with C2_carnitine. D: Relative gene expression of APOBEC3B 24 hours after stimulation with C2_carnitine. E: Relative gene expression of SCD 24h after treatment with C2_carnitine. F: Relative gene expression of PER3 24 hours after stimulation with Trigonelline. G: Relative gene expression of NAAA 24h after treatment with α-glycerophosphocholine. Statistical significance was assessed using T-test compared to baseline (concentration 0) and p-values corrected using Benjamini & Hochberg procedure (p-adj < 0.1).

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Lemonite: identification of regulatory metabolites through data-driven, interpretable integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics data

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.27.714373

Figure Lengend Snippet: A: Lemonite IBD network containing 86 gene modules and the most important metabolite and TF regulators (see methods). Gene modules are colored by GO enrichment (see methods). Regulators are colored based on the number of modules they regulate. B-G: Experimental validation of a prioritized set of predicted metabolite-gene regulatory interactions. B: Relative gene expression of ME1 24 h after treatment with C2_carnitine. C: Relative gene expression of BHLHE40 24 hours after treatment with C2_carnitine. D: Relative gene expression of APOBEC3B 24 hours after stimulation with C2_carnitine. E: Relative gene expression of SCD 24h after treatment with C2_carnitine. F: Relative gene expression of PER3 24 hours after stimulation with Trigonelline. G: Relative gene expression of NAAA 24h after treatment with α-glycerophosphocholine. Statistical significance was assessed using T-test compared to baseline (concentration 0) and p-values corrected using Benjamini & Hochberg procedure (p-adj < 0.1).

Article Snippet: Cells were treated with C2_carnitine (Larodan, 17-0200-7), trigonelline (Sigma-Aldrich, 1686411) or α-glycerophosphocholine (Santa Cruz, sc-301813) at concentrations ranging between 100μM and 10 nM (100 μM, 10 μM, 1 μM, 100 nM, 10 nM and 0).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Gene Expression, Concentration Assay